Hit herb , also known as Oenothera , refers to plants with approximately 124 species belonging to the Onagraceae family . The plant species Hartmannia rosea (H. rosea) is commonly known as evening primrose, found in the US and Mexico, and is also widely cultivated in localities such as Hazara, Poonch, Kashmir, and the Jhelum Valley in Pakistan.
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Hit Herb – What is it
Knock herb, also known as Oenothera rosea , is a plant that belongs to the Onagraceae family, which is native to North and South America, but naturalized throughout the world. It has traditional medicinal uses in treating inflammation, diarrhea, headache, liver and skin problems, and stomach pain.
In addition, previous reports have shown its biological activities as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal and antibacterial, among others. In addition, high levels of flavonoids have been found in a leaf sample found in South America, more specifically in Peru, as well as in different extracts of a Mexican variety.
Natural products have been used for centuries to treat diseases, mainly in developing countries, where economic resources are limited and accessibility and access to modern treatment are scarce.
Hit grass – Properties
Since herbal medicine can be used as an alternative medicine due to its cost effectiveness and fewer side effects, extensive research has been conducted to update ethnomedicinal plant remedies through standardization and quality control for recognition and acceptance. in the international community. Numerous compounds of the genus Hartmannia have been isolated, but there are some therapeutically imperative species for which insufficient work is accounted for.
Ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol extracts of H. rosea are predicted to contain polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that are biologically effective candidates showing significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activity. They can control oxidative damage in body tissues and act as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents. These studies will also be useful for future drug design and drug development research.
Hit Herb – Benefits
Evening primrose seed oil is a rich source of linoleic acid , used for the production of prostaglandins and related hormones. Its oral doses have been used to treat breast disorders, atopic eczema, premenstrual tension, and rheumatoid arthritis. Previously, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal and antisecretory activities of its different species have been reported.
Hit Herb – Uses
Aqueous extracts of Hartmannia rosea have been used as a folk medicine for headache, inflammation, cough, diarrhea, scabies, staphylococcal infection, pimples, stomatitis, liver, and liver and kidney diseases. The antidiarrheal potential of H. rosea decoction has been reported in diarrheal mice stimulated with castor oil.
The aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. rosea showed a significant inhibitory effect against inflammation, through the in vivo study carried out in adult female Wistar rats and male NIH mice. These extracts have been shown not to show any harmfulness and to induce significant anti-inflammatory activity.
The methanolic extract is used to solve problems related to bruising and swelling. The ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate fractions of H. rosea show antioxidant efficacy. 90% of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of stem and roots of H. rosea exhibited anthelmintic potential.
The percentage of inhibition of the contractile activity of the heart of male Wistar rats was evaluated at the dose of 1.0 mg / ml. The literature review interpreted that very limited research work has been done on H. rosea, while most of the pharmacological potentials of this beneficial plant species are unexplored. In the present investigation, antioxidants, antimicrobials, protein kinase inhibitors, α-amylase and cytotoxic agents of different H. rosea solvent extracts are reported for the first time using different protocols and strains.
Hit Herb – Materials and Methods
The plant species Hartmannia rosea (Onagraceae) was collected from Abbottabad during its flowering season from April to June 2013. Commercial grade methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol were purchased locally (Shalimar Chemicals, Rawalpindi, Pakistan).
The entire H. rosea plant was dried in the shade and ground to powder. 5 kg of powdered material were soaked in 10 l of methanol for fifteen days. The methanolic extract was filtered and the dark greenish brown filtrate was evaporated in a vacuum rotary evaporator (Heidolph-Hei-VAP Germany) to obtain a crude extract, and this process was repeated three times.
The methanolic extract was fractionated based on the polarity of the solvent, such as hexane (HR-1), ethyl acetate (HR-2), chloroform (HR-3) and butanol (HR-4). The dried extracts were used for the estimation of the subsequent biological activities.
Hit Herb – Evaluations
H. rosea (HR) extracts were used for the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total reducing power (TRP) and free radical scavenging activity (RSA) by means of a DPPH assay.
The antioxidant efficacy of four rosea extracts was verified by the possibility of inactivating the stable free radical scavenging activity (RSA,%) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by UV spectroscopic analysis. The IC50 is the concentration at which it inhibits 50% of free radical formation .
All extracts showed significant inhibition of antioxidants, antibacterials, and protein kinases, but none of the extracts showed α-amylase inhibition activity. Chloroform extract HR-3 inhibit the connection of kinase to ATP; the lead molecule will be isolated, which can stop cancer cell growth and the degradation of cell division.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial and nonspecific process that is compressed by two diseases, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each defined by clinical patterns, disease behavior, and histopathological characteristics. It is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation caused by an abnormal innate and adaptive immune response, controlled by cytokines and eicosanoids, activated neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages.
The cytokine system involved in IBD is complex, dynamic, and characterized by cellular and humoral cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that regulate the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation. Upon stimulation, cytokines are rapidly synthesized and secreted by inflammatory cells to induce the production of adhesion molecules and lipid mediators.
In IBD, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been detected, causing a disturbed balance between these and cytokines. anti-inflammatory.
On the other hand, the most characteristic clinical manifestation of IBD is diarrhea, bleeding, abdominal pain, loss of fluids and electrolytes. Therefore, diagnosis, assessment of severity, and prognosis are challenges for clinicians. For this reason, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell distribution (RDW), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) are analyzed. In recent years, an increase in complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), especially herbal therapies, has been described.
Dr. Samantha Robson ( CRN: 0510146-5) is a nutritionist and website content reviewer related to her area of expertise. With a postgraduate degree in Nutrition from The University of Arizona, she is a specialist in Sports Nutrition from Oxford University and is also a member of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
